
A simple title isn’t it?
If you do a web search for that phrase, you will find link after link touting baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) is an agent for natural cleaning, skin care, tooth care and the list goes on and on ….
The more I thought about it however, something didn’t quite seem to fit …
Part of the issue relates to where most baking soda comes from, while the other is due to an understanding of the meaning of “natural” when discussing these types of substances.
Is there a “natural” form of sodium bicarbonate (baking soda)?
Now I am totally aware sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), a.k.a. baking soda, does exist in large quantities within Mother Earth’s system in the form of a mineral called nahcolite.
Even though nahcolite is the natural form of sodium bicarbonate, is it used as the source of baking soda?
Baking Soda (Sodium Bicarbonate) Production ….
Historically, baking soda was manufactured using the Solvay process (developed in the mid nineteenth century) by processing calcium carbonate (usually limestone) with salt brine (sodium chloride) that had been saturated with ammonia. Other products derived from this process includes sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) also known as soda ash and calcium chloride (CaCl2). This Solvay system is definitely a chemical manufacturing process for producing baking soda!
After the discovery of substantial deposits of another sodium carbonate mineral called trona (Na3CO3(HCO3) – 2H2O), the use of the Solvay process fell off by 1980. The shift away from using the Solvay process was two-fold:
1) it was less costly to mine and process trona to produce baking soda and soda ash;
2) hypothetically, processing trona is more “earth-friendly”.
Like nahcolite, trona is an inorganic, evaporate mineral forming as mineral-laden waters evaporate away causing the chemicals in solution (like Na+, Ca2+, HCO3-, CO32-) to recombine and precipitate out forming beds of new minerals. Significant deposits of trona and nahcolite were formed as ancient lakes (>50 million years ago) evaporated away in parts of western Wyoming and northwestern Colorado.
The trona deposits of this region are now the targets of several mines and the companies produce more than 17 million tons of trona (and a few hundred thousand tons of nahcolite) each year from the Wyoming deposits alone.
More than 95% of the baking soda and virtually all soda ash used in the U. S. each year is derived by processing trona (per the Wyoming Mining Association).
Since trona (Na3CO3(HCO3) – 2H2O) is not pure sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) it has to be processed to derive soda ash (sodium carbonate or Na2CO3) first then baking soda (NaHCO3) is produced from the soda ash by adding CO2.
So technically speaking, the bulk of the baking soda we buy in the grocery store is a material that is produced by first mining the mineral trona which is then processed into soda ash (Na2CO3) which is subsequently mixed with more CO2 to finally produce baking soda (sodium bicarbonate).
Does this sound like a completely natural product to you?
To me it seems like there is an awful lot of “production” going on when making baking soda!